Document Type
Article
Publication Date
6-12-2020
Department
Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science
Keywords
fatty acids, type 2 diabetes, type 2 diabetes risk, lipogenesis, metaanalysis, diet, lipids, adipose tissue
Abstract
Background: De novo lipogenesis (DNL) is the primary metabolic pathway synthesizing fatty acids from carbohydrates, protein, or alcohol. Our aim was to examine associations of in vivo levels of selected fatty acids (16:0, 16:1n7, 18:0, 18:1n9) in DNL with incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D).
Methods and findings: Seventeen cohorts from 12 countries (7 from Europe, 7 from the United States, 1 from Australia, 1 from Taiwan; baseline years = 1970–1973 to 2006–2010) conducted harmonized individual-level analyses of associations of DNL-related fatty acids with incident T2D. In total, we evaluated 65,225 participants (mean ages = 52.3–75.5 years; % women = 20.4%– 62.3% in 12 cohorts recruiting both sexes) and 15,383 incident cases of T2D over the 9-year follow-up on average. Cohort-specific association of each of 16:0, 16:1n7, 18:0, and 18:1n9 with incident T2D was estimated, adjusted for demographic factors, socioeconomic characteristics, alcohol, smoking, physical activity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, menopausal status, and adiposity. Cohort-specific associations were meta-analyzed with an inverse-variance weighted approach. Each of the 4 fatty acids positively related to incident T2D. Relative risks (RRs) per cohort-specific range between midpoints of the top and bottom quintiles of fatty acid concentrations were 1.53 (1.41–1.66; p < 0.001) for 16:0, 1.40 (1.33–1.48; p < 0.001) for 16:1n-7, 1.14 (1.05–1.22; p = 0.001) for 18:0, and 1.16 (1.07–1.25; p < 0.001) for 18:1n9. Heterogeneity was seen across cohorts (I2 = 51.1%–73.1% for each fatty acid) but not explained by lipid fractions and global geographical regions. Further adjusted for triglycerides (and 16:0 when appropriate) to evaluate associations independent of overall DNL, the associations remained significant for 16:0, 16:1n7, and 18:0 but were attenuated for 18:1n9 (RR = 1.03, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.94–1.13). These findings had limitations in potential reverse causation and residual confounding by imprecisely measured or unmeasured factors.
Conclusions: Concentrations of fatty acids in the DNL were positively associated with T2D incidence. Our findings support further work to investigate a possible role of DNL and individual fatty acids in the development of T2D.
Source Publication Title
PLoS Medicine
Volume
17
Issue
6
DOI
10.1371/journal.pmed.1003102
Recommended Citation
Imamura, F., Fretts, A. M., Marklund, M., Ardisson Korat, A. V., Yang, W., Lankinen, M., Qureshi, W., Helmer, C., Chen, T., Virtanen, J. K., Wong, K., Bassett, J. K., Murphy, R., Tintle, N. L., Yu, N. I., Brouwer, I. A., Chien, K., Chen, Y., Wood, A. C., del Gobbo, L. C., Diousse, L., Geleijnse, J. M., Giles, G. G., de Goede, J., Gudnason, V., Harris, W. S., Hodge, A., Hu, F., Consortium, I., Koulman, A., Laakso, M., Lind, L., Lin, H., McKnight, B., Rajaobelina, K., Riserus, U., Robinson, J. G., Samieri, C., Senn, M., Siscovick, D. S., Soedamah-Muthu, S. S., Sotoodehnia, N., Sun, Q., Tsai, M. Y., Tuomainen, T., Uusitupa, M., Wagenknecht, L. E., Wareham, N. J., Wu, J. H., Micha, R., Lemaitre, R. N., Mozaffarian, D., & Forouhi, N. G. (2020). Fatty Acids in the De Novo Lipogenesis Pathway and Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes: A Pooled Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies. PLoS Medicine, 17 (6) https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003102
Comments
Copyright: © 2020 Imamura et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.